Hotunan bidiyo na daya daga cikin abubuwa masu wahalar tantancewa a kuma gano gaskiyarsu daga cikin bayanan da akan jirkita kuma a yada kamar wutar daji a shafukan sada zumunta.
Sabanin rubutattun bayanai wadanda za a iya amfani da rariyar neman bayanai ta shafukan Facebook ko Google domin gano nagartarsu, su hotunan bidiyo ba za a iya gane su ta wannan fuskar ba.
Abu na biyu shi ne gazawar da ake da ita na iya amfani da shafukan Facebook, Twitter ko Istagram domin auna nisan bazuwar hotunan da aka watsa na bidiyo.
Akwai cikas mai yawa wajen amfani da wadannan dandali wadanda mafi yawancin masu bin diddigi kan yi amfani da su domin aikin tantance bayanai, duk da cewa akwai dan ci gaba kadan ta fuskar tantance sandararrun hotuna a shafin Facebook.
Wani abin al’ajabi kuma shine yadda aikin yada hotunan bidiyo na karya ke kara zama cikin sauki amma kuma aikin tantance sahihancin hotunan ke kara fuskantar kalubale.
Sabuwar fasahar jirkita hotuna da sarrafasu irin yadda ake so don cimma wasu bukatu na kara zama babban kalubale cikin aikin tantance gaskiyar hotunan bidiyo.
Bisa la’akari da wadannan sabbin kalubale akwai hanyoyi 10 da aka fitar domin zakulo hutunan bidiyo na karya a shafukan sada zumunta.
‘Yadda bayanin hoton yake canjawa’
Duk da cewa har yanzu akwai sarkakiya wajen tantance sahihancin wasu hotunan bidiyon musamman wadanda aka yi amfani da sabbin fasahar zamani ta inganta aikin sarrafa hotunan (deepfake videos) wajen kirkirarsu.
Sai dai masana na taka-tsan-tsan wajen bayyana zurfin matsalar.
1. Ka nutsu sosai – kafin a yanke hukunci akan hoton bidiyo, a nazarci kunshin hoton domin la’akari da wani abu da kan iya sanyawa a gamsu da shi ko a yi shakku akan nagartarsa.
Shin an taba yada shi a wata kafar labarai? Akwai wata alama a jikin hoton da take nuna shakkun sahihancinsa?
Hotunan bidiyo na da wahalar tantancewa, sai a kula sosai tare da taka tsan-tsan don kaucewa bata lokaci.
2. Lura da bayanan da aka jinginawa hoton bidiyon, musamman tubalan ginin labarai kamar, wanda ake magana akansa, abinda aka fada, a inda abun ya faru, a wane lokaci kuma ta ya ya aka aiwatar da abun.
Idan aka sami cin karo tsakanin sakon da labarin ke dauke da shi da kuma hoton bidiyon to akwai babbar alamar cewa hoton na karya ne da nufin kawar da hankali.
Dan Evon, wani kwararren mai sarrafa bayanai ta shafin Snopes yana cewa “Idan hoton bidiyo yana dauke da wani bayani mai sarkakiya ko maras ma’ana akwai alamun tababa ga shi kansa labarin da aka jinginawa hoton.
Zai iya zama gurbatacce ko ma tsagwaron karya. Shin wane sako ake son hoton bidiyon ya gabatar? A koda yaushe akwai zargi akan hoton bidiyon da ya kasa fayyace alakarsa da labari”.
Mallakar hoto: Getty Images
3. Bincika yadda bayanin hoton yake canjawa daga masu yadashi. Idan wani ya tura hoton da cewa an dauke shi a wata kasa, sai wani kuma ya tura shi da cewa a wata kasa ne ta dabam kenan akwai babbar alamar tambaya.
Yawancin hotunan karya sukan raka labarai daban-daban wadanda aka kirkira domin cimma wasu manufofi.
Evan yana cewa: “Ka kalli hoton bidiyon a tsanake sannan ka dubi bayanin da aka jingina masa hakan zai baka damar tantance gaskiya ko akasin hakan wajen daidaituwar bayanan da kuma kunshin sakon hoton bidiyon”.
4. Yi amfani da manhajar da kungiyar Amnesty ta samar ta YoutubeDataviewer ko ka dauko manhajar Invid browser extention.
Yayin da manhajar farko za ta baka damar shiga dandalin Youtube ita kuwa Invid
za ta baka zarafin nemo asalin bayanai a shafukan Youtube, Facebook ko Twitter ta kuma kara fito maka da wasu alamun da suka shafi hoton/bayanan domin fadada nazari.
“Manhajar za ta baka damar tantance ko an yi amfani da hotunan bidiyon a baya da kuma inda aka dauki hoton. Manhajar za ta taimaka maka gane wurare da dacewarsu da ra’ayin jama’a musamman kasancewar yawancin hotunan bidiyon da ake amfani da su an taba sarrafa su.
Hotunan da aka sanya a yanar gizo, ana iya amfani da su ta wata sigar, a cewar Denis Teyssou, Editan Agence France Presse MediaLab.
5. Ana tantance hoton bidiyo ta wayar hannu. A dauki hoton bidiyon ta tsarin daukar ciki (screen shot) sai a juya tafiyar hoton ta baya/tariyar baya (reverse) akan injin bincike (search service) domin gano cewa ko wani ya taba amfani da shi a yanar gizo a wani lokaci da ya gabata.
Wannan kyakkyawar hanya ce ta auna gaskiya ko akasin haka dangane da hotunan bidiyo. Manhajar Google da TinEye su na taimakawa wajen wannan aikin.
6. Idan manhajar Invid bata iya tantance wa yadda ake bukata ba, a gwada sanya hoton cikin na’urar VLC sannan a kunna hoton cikin tafiyar hawaininya (slow motion).
Gane hoton da aka jirkita a tafiyar hawainiya yana da sauki. Hakazalika, za a iya amfani da FFmpeg domin Karin bayani akan abin da ke tattare da hoton idan aka kunna shi cikin tariyar baya.
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7. A sauke hoton bidiyon (download) sai a duba bayansa. Ya yin da mafi yawan shafukan sada zumunta ke dauke da bayanan, wasu tsiraru sukan barshi ba tare da sun dauke shi ba.
Bayanan kan iya taimakawa wajen gano asalin hoton. Za a iya amfani da Komfuta ko Exiftool domin samun wadannan bayanai.
8. Idan hoton bidiyon a fili aka dauke shi ana iya amfani da geolocation domin tantance wurin da aka dauka. Manhajar Google Earth da Wikimapia za su taimaka kwarai wajen wannan aikin.
Christiaan Triebert yane cewa, “Muna amfani da [manhajar] geolocation domin gano wajen da aka dauki hoton bidiyo. Idan aka sami wajen da aka dauka, hakan kan taimaka wajen tantance gaskiyar bayanan da suke yiwa hoton zagi.
9. Duba lokacin da aka dauki hoton bidiyon. Idan akwai inuwa a jiki za ta taimaka wajen hasashen lokacin da aka dauki hoton.
Hakanan ana iya amfani da manhajar Suncalc domin gano gaskiya ko akasin bayanan da aka gabatar ta hanyar tantance lokacin da aka dauki hoton.
10. Idan duk hanyoyinnan basu haifar da nasara ba, ana iya amfani da Youtube a bincika bayanan jigajigan kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su a hoton bidiyon.
Triebert yana cewa “Musamman ga hotunan da aka ciro a faifan wasanni domin kauda hankali, masu aikata hakan kan iya ciro hoto kai tsaye ba tare da sun cire kalmomin da ke makale da hoton ba”.
An wallafa wannan mukalar ne a karon farko cikin shafin FactCheckDay.com a
ranar Bindiddigin bayanai ta duniya (Internatiional Fact-Checking Day), ranar 2 ga
watan Afrilun 2018.
Shin kun ci karo da wani labari, hoto ko bidiyo da ba ku yarda da sahihancinsa ba kuma kuke son a bi muku diddiginsa?
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